Is Moanalua High School a good school?

Yes. Moanalua High School ranks in the top 6.0% of Hawaii high schools.

How many students attend Moanalua High School?

In the 2023-24 school year, 1,933 students attended Moanalua High School.

What is the racial makeup of Moanalua High School?

Students at Moanalua High School are 42% Asian, 18% Two or more races, 15% Hispanic, 12% Pacific Islander, 9% White, 4% African American.

What schools feed into Moanalua High School?

Moanalua High School is fed by the following schools: Elementary : Major General William R Shafter Elementary School Elementary : Moanalua Elementary School Elementary : Red Hill Elementary School Elementary : Salt Lake Elementary School Middle : Moanalua Middle School

Moanalua High School

Summary:

Moanalua High School is a public high school located in Honolulu, Hawaii, serving grades 9-12 with a student population of 2,064. The school is part of the Hawaii Department of Education district, which is ranked 1 out of 1 in the state and rated 5 stars out of 5 by SchoolDigger.

Moanalua High School consistently ranks among the top high schools in Hawaii, ranking 4th out of 67 schools in the 2023-2024 school year. The school's academic performance is exceptional, with high proficiency rates in Smarter Balanced Assessments for English Language Arts (74.27% in 2023-2024) and Mathematics (37.14% in 2023-2024). Additionally, Moanalua High School has an impressive 96.4% four-year graduation rate, significantly higher than the state average. The school also has a relatively low student-teacher ratio of 17:1, which is lower than the nearby schools.

Compared to nearby schools, Waipahu High School, Kaimuki High School, and Governor Wallace Rider Farrington High School, Moanalua High School outperforms them in academic metrics, such as proficiency rates in English Language Arts and Mathematics. Moanalua High School's diverse student population is also noteworthy, with a significant representation of Asian, Pacific Islander, and students of two or more races. While the school's chronic absenteeism rate of 11.7% is relatively low, it is still an area for improvement, as some nearby schools, such as Admiral Arthur W. Radford High School, have an even lower rate of 11.8%.

Detail:

Public 9-12

2825 Ala Ilima St
Honolulu, HI 96818

(808) 837-8455

District: Hawaii Department of Education

SchoolDigger Rank:
4^th of 67 Hawaii High Schools

Per Pupil Expenditures: $14,794

Feeder schools for Moanalua High School:

Elementary:	Major General William R Shafter Elementary School
	Moanalua Elementary School
	Red Hill Elementary School
	Salt Lake Elementary School
Middle:	Moanalua Middle School

Student/teacher ratio: 16.2

Number of students: 1,933

Racial breakdown:

Asian:

41.6%

Two or more races:

18.2%

Hispanic:

15.1%

Free/discounted lunch recipients: 23.8%

See top rated Hawaii high schools

Compare Moanalua High School to nearby high schools!

Performance Trends

Compare Details Moanalua High School ranks better than 94% of high schools in Hawaii. It also ranks 3^rd among 44 ranked high schools in the Hawaii Department of Education School District. (See more...)

Compare Details In 2024 the calculated Average Standard Score was 80.49. (See more...)

The four-year cohort graduation rate measures the percentage of students at Moanalua High School who earn a standard high school diploma within four years of starting ninth grade.

Chronic absenteeism in a school refers to a situation where students repeatedly miss school, with the threshold often defined as missing 10% or more of school days for any reason, excused or unexcused.

Student Body

Compare Details Student population at Moanalua High School is diverse. Racial makeup is: Asian (41.6%), two or more races (18.2%), Hispanic (15.1%). (See more...)

Compare Details 23.8% of students are receiving a free or discounted lunch. (See more...)

Teachers

Compare Details The student/teacher ratio at Moanalua High School is 16.2. 30 high schools in the Hawaii Department of Education School District have better student/teacher ratios. (See more...)

Compare Moanalua High School employs 119 full-time teachers.

Finance

Compare Details The average total spent per student at Moanalua High School is $14,794. 37 high schools in the Hawaii Department of Education School District spend more per student.

Schooldigger 2024 Rankings:

Moanalua High School:

SchoolDigger ranks Moanalua High School 4^th of 67 Hawaii public high schools. (See Moanalua High School in the ranking list.)

High School Test Score Ratings by Student Subgroup:

English Language Learner students:

Special Education students:

Asian students:

African American students:

Hispanic students:

Pacific Islander students:

White students:

Hawaii Department of Education:

SchoolDigger ranks Hawaii Department of Education 1^st of 1 Hawaii school districts. (See district ranking list.)

Average Rating:

Read all reviews and ratings detail for Moanalua High School.

What do you think?

Your rating for Moanalua High School?

(Ranking FAQ)

Rank History for Moanalua High School

Compare

Rank History for all students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile
2006	85.56	7^th	56	87.5%
2007	86.05	7^th	60	88.3%
2008	83.99	5^th	39	87.2%
2009	85.84	5^th	55	90.9%
2010	82.91	5^th	56	91.1%
2011	67.92	16^th	56	71.4%
2012	65.65	18^th	58	69.0%
2013	71.47	13^th	56	76.8%
2015	92.42	4^th	51	92.2%
2016	88.86	5^th	53	90.6%
2017	64.14	8^th	63	87.3%
2018	91.31	3^rd	53	94.3%
2019	89.43	6^th	52	88.5%
2021	76.13	11^th	48	77.1%
2022	91.21	3^rd	52	94.2%
2023	79.23	8^th	53	84.9%
2024	80.49	4^th	67	94.0%

See the entire list of Hawaii High School Rankings!

Rank History for English Language Learner students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2024	41.02	26^th	59	55.9%

See the entire list of Best Hawaii High Schools for English Language Learner Students!

Rank History for Special Education students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2024	63.86	21^st	67	68.7%

See the entire list of Best Hawaii High Schools for Special Education Students!

Rank History for Asian students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2024	73.76	11^th	65	83.1%

See the entire list of Best Hawaii High Schools for Asian Students!

Rank History for African American students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2024	62.56	19^th	55	65.5%

See the entire list of Best Hawaii High Schools for African American Students!

Rank History for Hispanic students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2024	70.45	15^th	52	71.2%

See the entire list of Best Hawaii High Schools for Hispanic Students!

Rank History for Pacific Islander students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2024	61.99	17^th	61	72.1%

See the entire list of Best Hawaii High Schools for Pacific Islander Students!

Rank History for White students at Moanalua High School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked High Schools	HI State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2024	64.70	13^th	64	79.7%

See the entire list of Best Hawaii High Schools for White Students!

Data source: test scores: Hawaii State Department of Education, rankings: SchoolDigger.com

As you review the school rankings data, please be aware that some of the information from certain demographics is missing. The reason for this omission is that the data has been redacted from the source data itself due to low population samples in these specific demographic groups.

Redacting data from low population samples is a necessary step to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the results, as small sample sizes may not be representative of the broader population. Additionally, this measure helps protect the privacy of individuals belonging to these demographic groups.

Data source: Hawaii Department of Education

Review counts

All ratings (Avg rating: 3)

100%

Reviews:
No reviews have been submitted!

Enrollment information for Moanalua High School

Compare

Year	White	African American	Asian	Hispanic	American Indian	Pacific Islander	Two or More Races	Not Specified	Total
1988	507	65	1360	43	10	n/a	n/a	0	1985
1989	511	76	1346	54	10	n/a	n/a	0	1997
1990	464	79	1373	58	9	n/a	n/a	0	1983
1991	490	49	1325	75	6	n/a	n/a	0	1945
1992	473	83	1232	58	4	n/a	n/a	0	1850
1993	458	90	1217	65	3	n/a	n/a	0	1833
1994	461	98	1258	73	3	n/a	n/a	0	1893
1995	475	96	1360	81	6	n/a	n/a	0	2018
1996	475	96	1360	81	6	n/a	n/a	0	2018
1997	261	97	185	274	6	n/a	n/a	1151	1974
1998	442	90	1337	64	6	n/a	n/a	0	1939
1999	436	98	1243	60	4	n/a	n/a	0	1841
2000	416	106	1301	54	6	n/a	n/a	0	1883
2001	409	101	1312	57	10	n/a	n/a	0	1889
2002	437	92	1419	72	2	n/a	n/a	0	2022
2003	437	92	1419	72	2	n/a	n/a	0	2022
2004	450	80	1416	59	0	n/a	n/a	0	2005
2005	450	71	1440	54	1	n/a	n/a	0	2016
2006	425	73	1462	53	3	n/a	n/a	0	2016
2007	385	81	1422	61	9	n/a	n/a	0	1958
2008	380	95	1438	70	11	n/a	n/a	0	1994
2009	367	123	1445	70	12	n/a	n/a	0	2017
2010	397	137	1489	66	13	n/a	n/a	0	2102
2011	243	113	1101	87	7	300	235	0	2086
2012	235	110	1093	75	4	259	234	0	2010
2013	237	116	1085	108	4	255	215	0	2020
2014	220	109	1064	133	4	276	206	0	2012
2015	241	109	1052	140	5	248	203	0	1998
2016	222	115	1029	152	4	264	200	0	1986
2017	199	112	1028	179	5	276	173	0	1972
2018	170	100	1007	198	7	279	181	0	1942
2019	184	93	992	190	6	326	185	0	1976
2020	180	92	1012	208	5	314	210	0	2021
2021	171	85	995	213	2	296	251	0	2013
2022	164	95	974	252	3	306	314	0	2108
2023	184	85	919	264	4	267	341	0	2064
2024	178	76	804	292	2	230	351	0	1933

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Enrollment/Ethnicity

For more information about how the Department of Education defines ethnicity, see Defining Race and Ethnicity Data, National Center for Education Statistics

Students eligible for free or discounted lunch at Moanalua High School

Compare

Year	# Students	Full-time Teachers	Student/Teacher ratio	% Free/Discounted Lunch
1988	1985	101.0	19.6	2.7
1989	1997	88.0	22.6	2.5
1990	1983	91.5	21.6	1.9
1991	1945	93.0	20.9	3.9
1992	1850	96.5	19.1	1.9
1993	1833	96.5	19.0	2.9
1994	1893	98.0	19.3	3.4
1995	2018	106.0	19.0	2.4
1996	2018	106.0	19.0	2.4
1997	1974	98.5	20.0	13.2
1998	1939	98.5	19.7	5.7
1999	1841	97.0	19.0	13.7
2000	1883	95.5	19.7	13.2
2001	1889	99.0	19.1	12.2
2002	2022	108.5	18.6	13.2
2003	2022	108.5	18.6	13.2
2004	2005	115.0	17.4	12.3
2005	2016	111.5	18.1	12.8
2006	2016	110.0	18.3	14.4
2007	1958	110.0	17.8	15.6
2008	1994	114.5	17.4	12.9
2009	2017	114.0	17.7	14.9
2010	2102	114.5	18.3	17.5
2011	2086	112.5	18.5	18.1
2012	2010	113.5	17.7	22
2013	2020	115.5	17.4	22.7
2014	2012	109.5	18.3	24.3
2015	1998	116.0	17.2	22
2016	1986	117.0	16.9	24.1
2017	1972	117.5	16.7	23.6
2018	1942	117.5	16.5	23.3
2019	1976	121.0	16.3	22.4
2020	2021	122.0	16.5	21.9
2021	2013	121.0	16.6	25.5
2022	2108	121.0	17.4	21.7
2023	2064	121.0	17.0	24.1
2024	1933	119.0	16.2	23.8

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Students eligible for discounted/free lunch:

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) provides low-cost or free meals to students in U.S. public and nonprofit private schools based on household income. Those with incomes below 130% of the poverty line receive free lunch, while those between 130% and 185% qualify for reduced-price lunch. The percentage of students receiving free or reduced-price lunch serves as a marker for poverty, as it reflects the socioeconomic status of families in a given school or district. A higher FRPL rate typically indicates a higher concentration of low-income families, suggesting that the school or district may face additional challenges in providing adequate resources and support for student success.

Student/Teacher Ratio Moanalua High School

Compare

Year	# Students	Full-time Teachers	Student/Teacher ratio	% Free/Discounted Lunch
1988	1985	101.0	19.6	2.7
1989	1997	88.0	22.6	2.5
1990	1983	91.5	21.6	1.9
1991	1945	93.0	20.9	3.9
1992	1850	96.5	19.1	1.9
1993	1833	96.5	19.0	2.9
1994	1893	98.0	19.3	3.4
1995	2018	106.0	19.0	2.4
1996	2018	106.0	19.0	2.4
1997	1974	98.5	20.0	13.2
1998	1939	98.5	19.7	5.7
1999	1841	97.0	19.0	13.7
2000	1883	95.5	19.7	13.2
2001	1889	99.0	19.1	12.2
2002	2022	108.5	18.6	13.2
2003	2022	108.5	18.6	13.2
2004	2005	115.0	17.4	12.3
2005	2016	111.5	18.1	12.8
2006	2016	110.0	18.3	14.4
2007	1958	110.0	17.8	15.6
2008	1994	114.5	17.4	12.9
2009	2017	114.0	17.7	14.9
2010	2102	114.5	18.3	17.5
2011	2086	112.5	18.5	18.1
2012	2010	113.5	17.7	22
2013	2020	115.5	17.4	22.7
2014	2012	109.5	18.3	24.3
2015	1998	116.0	17.2	22
2016	1986	117.0	16.9	24.1
2017	1972	117.5	16.7	23.6
2018	1942	117.5	16.5	23.3
2019	1976	121.0	16.3	22.4
2020	2021	122.0	16.5	21.9
2021	2013	121.0	16.6	25.5
2022	2108	121.0	17.4	21.7
2023	2064	121.0	17.0	24.1
2024	1933	119.0	16.2	23.8

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Student-Teacher Ratio

Student/teacher ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of students by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. Please note that a smaller student/teacher ratio does not necessarily translate to smaller class size. In some instances, schools hire teachers part time, and some teachers are hired for specialized instruction with very small class sizes. These and other factors contribute to the student/teacher ratio. Note: For private schools, Student/teacher ratio may not include Pre-Kindergarten.

Finances

Per Pupil Expenditures for Moanalua High School

Year	Expenditures from Federal Funds	Expenditures from State and Local Funds	Total Expenditures Per Pupil (All Funds)
2019	$1,102 (7.4%)	$13,692 (92.6%)	$14,794

Data source: Hawaii Department of Education

Pre and Post Pandemic Data

Impact of COVID-19 on Moanalua High School

The coronavirus has had a profound impact on education in America. Learning shifted online overnight, attendance numbers dwindled, and enrollment decreased. SchoolDigger.com is making it easier for you to better assess how COVID-19 has impacted your school. Through the collection of pre-pandemic (2019) and current data, SchoolDigger.com is sharing test scores, enrollment numbers and school demographics from schools across the country – and we make it easy to see how impacted schools compare locally and statewide.

Rankings

Rank Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)	Rank Post pandemic (2022-2023)	Change (%)
Ranks 6^th of 52 High schools	Ranks 8^th of 53 High schools	3.6%

Test Scores

	% proficient Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)	% proficient Post pandemic (2022-2023)	Change (%)
11th Grade English Language Arts (Moanalua High School)	81	70	11%
11th Grade English Language Arts (Hawaii)	59	59
11th Grade Mathematics (Moanalua High School)	39	29	10%
11th Grade Mathematics (Hawaii)	30	25	5%
All Grades English Language Arts (Moanalua High School)	80	69	11%
All Grades Mathematics (Moanalua High School)	39	29	10%

Student Body

	Number of students Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)	Number of students Post pandemic (2022-2023)	Change (%)
Total Students	1976	2064	4.5%
African American	93	85	8.6%
American Indian	6	4	33.3%
Asian	992	919	7.4%
Hispanic	190	264	38.9%
Pacific Islander	326	267	18.1%
White	184	184
Two or More Races	185	341	84.3%
% Free/Discounted Lunch Recipients	22.4%	24.1%	1.7%

Schools Near Moanalua High School

Choose columns to see: Summary School Students/Teachers Ranking Test Scores Finance All

School													Students/Teachers											Ranking (2024)				Ranking (2023)				HSA Biology I (2024)	Smarter Balanced Assessments English Language Arts (2024)	Smarter Balanced Assessments Mathematics (2024)	Per Pupil Expenditures (2019)
Name	Type	Grades	Address	City	Zip	County	District	Is Charter	Is Magnet	Is Virtual	Is Title I	Phone	Enrollment	Full-time Teachers	Student/ Teacher Ratio	Free/Discounted Lunch Recipients	White	Black	Hispanic	Asian	American Indian	Pacific Islander	Two or More Races	Average Standard Score (2024)	Statewide Rank (2024)	State Percentile (2024)	SchoolDigger Rating (2024)	Average Standard Score (2023)	Statewide Rank (2023)	State Percentile (2023)	Rank Change from Previous Year	HSA Biology I All Grades	Smarter Balanced Assessments English Language Arts All Grades	Smarter Balanced Assessments Mathematics All Grades	Per Pupil Expenditures Total	Sub-total from Federal Funds	Sub-total from State/Local Funds
Moanalua High School	Public	9-12	2825 Ala Ilima St	Honolulu	96818	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	No	(808) 837-8455	1,933	119	16.2	23.8%	178 (9.2%)	76 (3.9%)	292 (15.1%)	804 (41.6%)	2 (0.1%)	230 (11.9%)	351 (18.2%)	80.5	4^th of 67 public high schools	94.0%		79.2	8^th of 53 public high schools	84.9%	4	47.9	74.3	37.1	$14,794	$1,102	$13,692
Governor Wallace Rider Farrington High School	Public	9-12	1564 North King St	Honolulu	96817	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	Yes	(808) 832-3600	2,072	136	15.2	53.3%	9 (0.4%)	1 (0.0%)	113 (5.5%)	1,110 (53.6%)	1 (0.0%)	687 (33.2%)	151 (7.3%)	38.2	37^th of 67 public high schools	44.8%		60.7	22^nd of 53 public high schools	58.5%	15	29.8	44.4	18.4	$15,338	$1,365	$13,973
Admiral Arthur W Radford High School	Public	9-12	4361 Salt Lake Blvd	Honolulu	96818	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	No	(808) 421-4200	1,231	69	17.8	24.5%	393 (31.9%)	88 (7.1%)	236 (19.2%)	235 (19.1%)	5 (0.4%)	105 (8.5%)	169 (13.7%)	77.5	8^th of 67 public high schools	88.1%		87.8	5^th of 53 public high schools	90.6%	3	41.6	70.5	42.4	$15,449	$1,008	$14,441
Aiea High School	Public	9-12	98-1276 Ulune St	Aiea	96701	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	Yes	(808) 483-7300	891	63	14.2	50.4%	42 (4.7%)	10 (1.1%)	146 (16.4%)	324 (36.4%)	0 (0.0%)	214 (24.0%)	155 (17.4%)	46.9	30^th of 67 public high schools	55.2%		71.3	15^th of 53 public high schools	71.7%	15	26.9	54.0	23.6	$16,459	$1,334	$15,125
President William McKinley High School	Public	9-12	1039 South King St	Honolulu	96814	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	Yes	(808) 594-0400	1,328	91	14.6	51.1%	25 (1.9%)	13 (1.0%)	127 (9.6%)	647 (48.7%)	0 (0.0%)	345 (26.0%)	171 (12.9%)	61.9	17^th of 67 public high schools	74.6%		65.9	19^th of 53 public high schools	64.2%	2	33.3	62.9	26.3	$15,909	$1,348	$14,561
President Theodore Roosevelt High School	Public	9-12	1120 Nehoa St	Honolulu	96822	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	No	(808) 587-4600	1,337	81	16.5	37.8%	49 (3.7%)	12 (0.9%)	169 (12.6%)	625 (46.7%)	2 (0.1%)	232 (17.4%)	248 (18.5%)	69	12^th of 67 public high schools	82.1%		77.6	11^th of 53 public high schools	79.2%	1	40.6	64.1	32.7	$15,513	$1,085	$14,428
Halau Ku Mana - A New Century PCS	Public, Charter	5-12	2101 Makiki Heights Dr	Honolulu	96822	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	Yes	(n/a)	No	No	(808) 945-1600	125	18	6.9	32.8%	5 (4.0%)	1 (0.8%)	33 (26.4%)	2 (1.6%)	0 (0.0%)	67 (53.6%)	17 (13.6%)	41.9	36^th of 67 public high schools	46.3%		11.5	48^th of 53 public high schools	9.4%	12	17.5	51.6	11.1	$9,491	$647	$8,844
Pearl City High School	Public	9-12	2100 Hookiekie St	Pearl City	96782	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	No	(808) 453-6500	1,418	97	14.6	27.7%	54 (3.8%)	13 (0.9%)	231 (16.3%)	561 (39.6%)	2 (0.1%)	253 (17.8%)	304 (21.4%)	75.3	9^th of 67 public high schools	86.6%		76.4	12^th of 53 public high schools	77.4%	3	52.9	62.0	29.2	$16,100	$1,274	$14,826
Waipahu High School	Public	9-12	94-1211 Farrington Hwy	Waipahu	96797	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	Yes	(808) 675-0222	2,516	162	15.5	48.3%	26 (1.0%)	12 (0.5%)	224 (8.9%)	1,560 (62.0%)	1 (0.0%)	439 (17.4%)	254 (10.1%)	71.4	11^th of 67 public high schools	83.6%		74.6	13^th of 53 public high schools	75.5%	2	44.6	64.0	29.4	$14,940	$1,345	$13,595
Kaimuki High School	Public	9-12	2705 Kaimuki Ave	Honolulu	96816	Honolulu County	Hawaii Department of Education	No	(n/a)	No	Yes	(808) 733-4900	550	46	11.9	59.1%	20 (3.6%)	9 (1.6%)	80 (14.5%)	89 (16.2%)	2 (0.4%)	283 (51.5%)	67 (12.2%)	31.7	41^st of 67 public high schools	38.8%		11.3	49^th of 53 public high schools	7.5%	8	15.0	46.3	10.5	$20,128	$2,313	$17,815

Moanalua High School

Moanalua High School:

High School Test Score Ratings by Student Subgroup:

Hawaii Department of Education:

Average Rating:

What do you think?

Rank History for Moanalua High School

Rank History for all students at Moanalua High School

Rank History for English Language Learner students at Moanalua High School

Rank History for Special Education students at Moanalua High School

Rank History for Asian students at Moanalua High School

Rank History for African American students at Moanalua High School

Rank History for Hispanic students at Moanalua High School

Rank History for Pacific Islander students at Moanalua High School

Rank History for White students at Moanalua High School

Review counts

Enrollment information for Moanalua High School

Students eligible for free or discounted lunch at Moanalua High School

Student/Teacher Ratio Moanalua High School

Per Pupil Expenditures for Moanalua High School

Impact of COVID-19 on Moanalua High School

Rankings

Test Scores

Student Body

Schools Near Moanalua High School

Frequently Asked Questions about Moanalua High School

Rate Moanalua High School!

Other helpful SchoolDigger resources...

Sign up for updates!